Two kinds of measurement answer two different questions. Field data comes from real visitors, through the Chrome User Experience Report and the Core Web Vitals report in Search Console. It decides whether a page passes, because it includes slow phones, weak connections, cached visits and logged-in pages.
Lab data comes from a controlled test run on one simulated device and network. It shows why a page is slow, because the same run can be repeated after every change. When the two disagree, the report explains the gap and judges the page on the field figure.
Some sites have too little traffic for Google to report field data. For those, we set lab targets with you and check the pages on real devices.








